For Tuesday:
- Garrett Chase, "The Early History of the Black Lives Matter Movement, and the Implications Thereof," Nevada Law Journal 18 (2018), https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1757&context=nlj
- Linda Villarosa, "Pollution Is Killing Black Americans. This Community Fought Back," New York Times Magazine, July 28, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/28/magazine/pollution-philadelphia-black-americans.html (If you have trouble accessing, please let me know)
Union members as a percentage of employees
.....................................................2018......2019
- Federal government.............26.4......25.6
- State government.................28.6......29.4
- Local government................40.3......39.4.
Sources of power and coalition-building. Eitan Hersh writes at FiveThirtyEight:
Most states — 44 out of 50 — hold some state and local elections off the federal cycle.
...
Why do Democrats and Democratic-aligned groups prefer off-cycle elections? When school boards and other municipal offices are up for election at odd times, few run-of-the-mill voters show up at the polls, but voters with a particular interest in these elections — like city workers themselves — show up in full force. The low-turnout election allows their policy goals to dominate
Backing the Badge
- A 1967 survey of major Northern cities found stark differences between African Americans and whites as to the causes of riots. African Americans tended to blame riots of lack of opportunities, unemployment, and bad living conditions By contrast, the purported causes that whites mentioned most often were outsiders stirring up trouble or hearing news of riots in other cities.
- In 1968, 63 percent told Gallup that “courts in this area” did not deal harshly enough with criminals. One year later, that figure was up to 75 percent. In a 1968 CBS poll, 70 percent of whites thought that police should be “tougher than they have been” in handling riots, compared with just 17 percent of African Americans. (azel Erskine, “The Polls: Causes of Crime,” Public Opinion Quarterly 38 (Winter 1974-75): 288-298.
- After Chicago police attacked anti-war protesters at the 1968 Democratic convention, survey respondents sympathized with the police. In a Gallup poll, 56 percent approved of the police and 31 percent did not. In a Harris survey, 66 percent agreed that Mayor Richard J. Daley was right in the way he used police against the demonstrators, while just 20 percent disagreed
Eliminating police unions. In recent years, some who advocate police reform have accused police unions of blocking efforts to increase officers' accountability for their actions, such as forming independent offices to investigate allegations of misconduct. A majority of Americans, 56%, support eliminating police unions, with results relatively consistent among Black (61%), Hispanic (56%) and White (55%) adults. Despite much higher approval of labor unions in general among Democrats than Republicans, Democrats are significantly more likely than Republicans to favor eliminating police unions (62% vs. 45%, respectively). Political independents fall closer to Democrats, at 57%.
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