The Growth of Advocacy, Mobilization, and Organization

For Thursday, read Cigler ch. 2-3

First writing assignment on Thursday!  Yes, I will give ... the writing lecture!

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The Expansion of Interests

Changing demographic makeup:





New types of businesses and jobs  --

• One direct consequence

Stock ownership 

But note:



POLICIES MAKE POLITICS:  

• Compliance Officers
• Affirmative Action
• Title IX Administration
• Environmental Industry 

Diminished Barriers to Association

Tocqueville (Lawrence/Mayer ed., p. 518):

It often happens in democratic countries that many men who have the desire or directed toward that light, and those wandering spirits who had long sought each other the need to associate cannot do it, because all being very small and lost in the crowd, they do not see each other and do not know where to find each other. Up comes a newspaper that exposes to their view the sentiment or the idea that had been presented to each of them simultaneously but separately. All are immediately in the shadows finally meet each other and unite. 

Trade and Professional Associations

• The IRS recognized 63,866 trade and professional associations in FY2016.
• Examples
• Many jobs require a license or certification.

Labor Unions

Non-economic

• The IRS recognized 1,237,094 charitable and philanthropic organizations in FY2016

"The flaw in the pluralist heaven is that the heavenly chorus sings with a strong upper-class accent." E. E. Schattschneider, The Semi-Sovereign People (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960).






Perceived Costs and Benefits of Policy




Solving the Olson Problem

Selective material benefits

• AARP
• American Society for Healthcare Human Resources Administration (ASHHRA)

Solidary benefits:  AAAE

Purposive benefits:  Unidos